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The flavors included are Orange Breeze, Strawberry Melon Spark, Berry Blitz, Peach Mango Dawn, Tropical Sunrise, and Pomegranate Blue Burst. Mtn Dew Rise Energy is out and Im trying Peach Mango Dawn, Pomegranate Blue Burst, Orange Breeze, Strawberry Melon Spark, Trop. What I’m digging hard from Rise is the various flavors that come in the 6 pack.I drink a lot of coffee throughout the day to help keep me working on the laptop, so I know needing something to keep me going is dire! I’m nearly done with one can and I’m already feeling good and not easily distracted on the computer. This includes a combination of Caffeine and Citicoline as the main ingredients for the mental boosts. The packaging on the box is pushing that this is good for our brains and provides mental boosts.Extra boost of caffeine in citrus flavored drink. Get snacks, groceries, drinks, cleaning products & more delivered right to your door with Gopuff. This drinking having no sugar is something that is very beneficial for not only myself but to others that may have diabetes or something in that nature. Carbonated Water, White Grape Juice Concentrate, Citric Acid, Sodium Polyphosphates (to Protect Flavor), Natural Flavor, Citicoline, Caffeine, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Aspartame, Gum Arabic, Potassium Sorbate (Preserves Freshness), Acesulfame Potassium, Sucralose, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), Red 40, Glycerol Ester of Rosin, Calcium Disodium EDTA. Buy Mountain Dew Energy Strawberry Melon Spark 16oz & Drinks, Energy from and get fast delivery near you with our App and Online Store. This is a big one for me as I now when I engulf a lot of sugar, the crash afterwards will knock me off my feet.So I decided to do a quick review below of the product! I have to say…this works very good! Tastes good as well! I was able to get a 6 pack of Mountain Dew’s latest new energy drink! This new energy drink is called Rise and boosts some pretty amazing things! So I took the test to sit down and try a bit of each drink to get an idea of what I’m getting myself into. Find quality beverages products to order online or add to. I am looking for something with not only a kick but will keep that coffee breath away. Shop for Mountain Dew Strawberry Melon Spark Energy Drink (16 fl oz) at Pay Less Super Markets. Choose from six delicious fruit-forward flavors: Pomegranate Blue Burst, Orange Breeze, Strawberry Melon Spark, Tropical Sunrise, Berry Blitz, & Peach Mango. I drink at least 3 to 4 cups of coffee a day to keep me going to at least 430pm where I will stop and then run errands here at home. Mountain Dew Rise Energy Drink 473ml Strawberry Melon Spark 180mg caffeine: caffeine equal to approximately 2 cups of coffee Natural sugar from 5 Juice. I run through the day on a few cups of coffee to keep my motor running as it can get deafening. I wake up every day at 6am to start work on various things such as press releases, reviews, editing, and much more on social media and my websites. The new line is available in six flavors: Pomegranate Blue Burst, Orange Breeze, Strawberry Melon Spark, Tropical Sunrise, Berry Blitz and Peach Mango Dawn. Understanding the values and tones of your reference image is the key to a successful canvas painting. Add 2-3 layers until you get the right thickness of the primer. Add another layer of the rabbit skin glue and sand again before applying another layer. Scrape off any clumps on the canvas with a palette knife, then sand the surface with a sanding block. Once the rabbit glue is ready, apply it on the canvas using a large brush. Prepare the rabbit skin glue per package instructions. Buff the canvas with a sandpaper block to remove the lint, especially if using an unprimed canvas roll. When priming canvas for oil paintings, skip the wetting process but use rabbit skin glue. Another advantage of using a toned primer is seeing the missing parts easier than using white gesso. This way, you can skip the underpainting process. Other artists love adding a drop of acrylic paint or a black or gray acrylic medium to add a tone to their canvas. Add the subsequent layers in the opposite direction, repeating the drying and sanding between layers. If it has air bubbles, remove them by sanding over the surface. You may also use a plastic putty knife, sponge brush, or paint roller to apply gesso on your canvas. Using an ordinary brush, apply gesso or acrylic primer on the canvas. Let the canvas sit for a while until it is only damp. The gesso should slowly drop when you pick it up with a putty knife or brush.Īpply water on the canvas using an ordinary paintbrush. If you're using professional-grade gesso, it is much thicker, so you'll need to add a small amount of water to it without letting it become too runny. Choose the suitable primer, depending on the paint type you wish to use. You have to add a few more layers of primer to get the texture you want. However, the cheaper ones usually use a very thin layer of primer. Priming your canvas is the essential step for painting, no matter what paint type you use. Before you start the actual painting on canvas, do not forget to outline everything. You must also understand the tones and values in the painting so you can apply the proper underpainting. In this how-to paint on canvas for beginners, you'll learn the importance of priming your canvas, depending on the paint medium you'll use. We will discuss what you need, including the significant step of priming a canvas. This how-to guide to canvas painting will teach every beginner what you need to know to start painting. However, once you get the basics, you can paint using oils, acrylics, gouache, oil pastels, or mixed media. This will form a protective final coat over your painting, similar to a varnish.Canvas painting may sound intimidating for a beginner. If you do this, be sure to protect your finished watercolor painting with a spray sealant, such as Krylon Crystal Clear. Many artists prefer working on watercolor canvases rather than watercolor paper because it means they can hang the finished painting directly on the wall, without needing to frame it under glass. This can save you from making lots of mistakes when you paint a "real" painting on watercolor canvas. To get the most out of watercolor canvas, you might want to make your first painting on watercolor canvas an experiment, so you can test out different techniques and take note of how the watercolors react to the canvas. Plus, even though the watercolor canvas is coated with a gesso that is specially formulated for use with watercolors, the surface is still not as absorbent as watercolor paper. For instance, the watercolors will stay wet longer on the watercolor canvas than they will on paper. Painting on watercolor canvas is a different experience than painting on watercolor paper, so there may be a learning curve as you first start out. The most serious blow then came from modern scientific analysis of the artifact. Another critical assessment of the Shroud came from archaeological studies of the type of cloth and Jewish burial practices used at the time of Jesus that suggested the relic was from the Middle Ages. In particular, Chevalier reported on the position expressed by two contemporary bishops of the city of Troyes, the diocese in which the relic appeared in the 14th century, who denounced the relic as a forgery and forbade people from venerating it as the real shroud of Christ. Historically, the first substantial blow came at the end of the 19th century, when prominent French historian and canon Ulysse Chevalier published and commented on the medieval documents referring to the moment the relic surfaced in the historical record. Thanks to the tenacity of sindonologists, the Shroud has survived even the most severe blows that brought down the structure of a belief in its authenticity. The overwhelming majority of scholars has supported the latter view, while the former has always enjoyed support in religious circles as well as a great deal of coverage by media outlets, always hungry to report on the supernatural and mysterious. There are two irreconcilable positions on the authenticity of the Shroud: The camp of sindonologists assert the relic’s authenticity, and the other side insists the Shroud is a pious medieval forgery. The angels above display the resulting image. It shows Nicodemus, Joseph of Arimathea, and John the Evangelist wrapping Jesus’s body in a burial cloth. It is telling to see how the historiography of the Shroud during the early modern era and until the turn of the 20th century strove to remove any untoward aspects from its history by suppressing inconvenient documents and creating new legends.ĭeposition of Christ (1620), by Giovanni Battista della Rovere, portrays the imagined origins of the Shroud of Turin. But because such are only available from the Middle Ages onwards, historians often use imagination to fill the large chronological gap between the first and 14th centuries. These accounts recount what can be inferred from historical documents. Although the field is dominated by the so-called hard sciences, some authors have also dealt with the relic’s history. Over the past 120 years, sindonology has produced hundreds of books and articles dedicated to the relic, involving every possible field: chemistry, physics, forensic medicine, palynology, numismatics, and so on. The Shroud was first photographed in 1898, and this year is commonly considered to mark the emergence of sindonology (from the Greek word sindōn, used in the Gospels to define Jesus’s burial cloth), that is, the science-or, rather, set of scientific disciplines-that set out to prove the authenticity of the Shroud. This damage is believed to have occurred due to fire in 1532. Two scorch marks, which appear as black lines, and a series of vaguely triangular holes caused by burns, run lengthwise down the fabric, on either side of the human figure. The human image is the result of a change in the color of the linen fibers, but it remains to be fully understood how such coloration occurred. This figure appears to bear marks from flagellation and crucifixion as well as various red spots corresponding to the blows. 1 It is a linen sheet measuring about 14.5 by 3.5 feet and featuring a monochromatic image on the front and back of a naked male figure. Today many consider the Shroud of Turin-the alleged burial cloth of Jesus of Nazareth-to be the most important relic of Christianity. It has been kept in the royal chapel of the Cathedral of Turin.Ĭredit: Photo by Giuseppe Enrie, 1931, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. And on the wing of abominations shall come one who makes desolate, until the decreed end is poured out on the desolator.The Shroud of Turin is a linen sheet long claimed to feature the image of the tortured body of Jesus of Nazareth. And he shall make a strong covenant with many for one week, and for half of the week he shall put an end to sacrifice and offering. Its end shall come with a flood, and to the end there shall be war. And the people of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary. And after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one shall be cut off and shall have nothing. Then for sixty-two weeks it shall be built again with squares and moat, but in a troubled time. Know therefore and understand that from the going out of the word to restore and build Jerusalem to the coming of an anointed one, a prince, there shall be seven weeks. “Seventy weeks are decreed about your people and your holy city, to finish the transgression, to put an end to sin, and to atone for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal both vision and prophet, and to anoint a most holy place. ESV / 3 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely. This 2006 edition combines the attention to detail that has been the series’ hallmark along with new formations, Master. The 2005 edition of Konami’s international soccer smash furthers the series’ realism with tighter control on- and off-the-ball and new gameplay and graphic enhancements. Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. World Soccer Winning Eleven 9 PS2 ISO Download. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue. If you do not understand what is causing this behavior, please contact us here. If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior.
When should you use your outdoor projectors?.How many lumens do I need for the outdoor projector?.You could even toast some marshmallows – kids and adults alike would love it! Pop some blankets in baskets and over the back of your furniture, and if you want to get really cosy, add a fire pit or a chimenea. Make sure you've got the best garden furniture with plenty of cushions, and roll out one of our choices for the best outdoor rug to create an even more outdoor living room feel. And if you are feeling really extra, bring out your duvet and hang up a net canopy to create an almost outdoor bedroom. We love the look of festoon lights, and you could also add some lanterns to create even more of a lovely glow. Basically, that means string up A TON of fairy lights - the more, the better. So with the essentials sorted now comes the fun bit, making it look like the most Instagrammable thing you have ever created in your life. Turn on your projector now and check it's straight and the picture is central. However, if you are using a sheet, we think the least damaging way to get it up is to peg it to a washing line – you could try using a solid masking tape to tape it to a wall too. Obviously, if you have a blank white wall in your garden, you can skip this step because you will be projecting straight onto that. Pop it on a side table and a stool, and then you can move on to sorting out your screen. You will have to have it connected to a video source, so do that first to work out how far away from the source you can have it. It's best to do this first because it might determine where you can set up your outdoor cinema. Technically, a sheet, or a white wall and an outdoor projector are all that's required, but we think it's the extras that make it all the more special, plus a little imagination. If you want to recreate an outdoor cinema from summers past, all you really need are a few things that are probably already in the house. Browse our list of the best outdoor speakers to connect with your projector.Īlso, note: most outdoor projectors are not compatible with Dolby Digital, so if you find that you're having trouble with sound, turn off Dolby Digital on your device. The projectors on our list range from between 300-550 lumens so, if you want something that will perform well in daylight, you should go for the highest possible.Īside from those fairly important tech specs, consider whether you’ll need to purchase a screen or whether the side of the house or your garage door will do.Ĭonsider the source of your film – will you need to bring a laptop or games console outside? Many outdoor projectors have limited volume, so some good outdoor speakers will also always help, especially if you are broadcasting to a crowd. When it comes to brightness, the higher the lumen count the better, but unfortunately with the convenience of wireless battery power comes a typically lower performance here. When choosing the best outdoor projector to suit your needs, there are a few factors worth careful consideration. Or you can use it for your next work presentation. Reviewers reported using it to project images for drawing, for example, which may be more suitable for the unimpressive 60 lumens of brightness. Of course, while the Kodak projector can be used to watch movies or play games on the go, it's also perfect for a lot of other things. With a built-in speaker and rechargeable battery on board, you can literally pop it in a backpack or handbag and take a screen size of up to 150" with you absolutely anywhere. If you're looking for an ultra ultra-portable pico projector, then the Kodak Luma 150 is a great option. Subsequently, random XCI (rXCI see Glossary, Box 1) is initiated in cells of the embryo proper, and gives rise to individuals in whom the maternal and paternal X chromosomes are active in roughly half of the cells each ( Dupont and Gribnau, 2013).Ĭomparison of XCI timing and hallmarks between mouse and human early development. This form of X-inactivation is maintained in the extra-embryonic lineages, but reversed in the inner cell mass of early blastocysts, in which the two X chromosomes are transiently active ( Mak et al., 2004 Okamoto et al., 2004 Takagi, 2003). First, soon after fertilization and zygotic genome activation, XCI is established in an imprinted manner, with systematic inactivation of the paternal X chromosome ( Fig. 1 Mak et al., 2004 Okamoto et al., 2004). More subtle exploration revealed two waves of XCI in mouse ( Fig. 1). In the germline, however, reactivation of the X chromosome occurs concomitantly to global epigenetic reprogramming during primordial germ cell (PGC see Glossary, Box 1) specification ( Payer et al., 2011). XCI is tightly regulated, established early during embryonic development and then stably maintained for the entire in utero and adult life. Mice have long been the leading model for X-inactivation studies in placental mammals, and have thus served to elucidate the developmental regulation of this process and to identify most of the molecular mechanisms and factors involved. An lncRNA produced by the X chromosome that is retained in the nucleus and triggers XCI. Inactive X chromosome, with most genes being silenced. An originally inactive X chromosome that has been partially reactivated owing to erosion of XCI, a process that takes place spontaneously when pluripotent stem cells are grown in culture. X chromosome inactivation, the process whereby one of the two X chromosomes is transcriptionally shut down in female mammals. An lncRNA that coats active X chromosomes in early development. Chromosome domains of preferential interaction in the 3D space. Next-generation sequencing of all cellular RNAs, which can be performed on a cell population (bulk RNA-seq) or on individual cells (scRNA-seq). Random XCI results in a mosaic individual, in which the maternal X chromosome is active in roughly half of the cells and the paternal one in the other half. Refers to the equal probability of each X chromosome (maternal and paternal) to be inactivated. Precursors or primary undifferentiated stem cells that will give rise to the gametes. The property of some cells to form all somatic lineages and germ cells pluripotency exists in two states, naïve and primed, representing the distinct cellular features of the pre- and post-implantation epiblast, respectively. An RNA molecule longer than 200 nucleotides that does not encode a protein. A chromosome pair, such as the sex chromosomes X and Y, which have some homology but differ in size, shape and genetic content. Defines the morphological criteria to classify a pre-implantation embryo at different stages of its development ( Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine and ESHRE Special Interest Group of Embryology, 2011). It allows the embryo to take control over its development through a faithful reprogramming and restructuring of the two parental genomes before transcription occurs.ĮSHRE Istanbul consensus. A complex process occurring in the embryo after fertilization. Of note, some genes are refractory to XCI and escape this process, but the proportion of such genes varies from one species to another ( Carrel and Brown, 2017).Įmbryo genome activation (EGA). During XCI, several hundreds of physically linked loci are concomitantly and stably silenced ( Robert Finestra and Gribnau, 2017). In metatherians and eutherians, the increased dose of X-linked genes in females is compensated for by the functional exclusion of one of the two X chromosomes, a process referred to as X chromosome inactivation (XCI see Glossary, Box 1). Although this imbalance is well tolerated for the male-specific Y chromosome, probably because of its highly specialized and low gene content, this is not the case for the X chromosome, which covers ∼1.5 Mb of DNA and harbors up to a thousand genes, many of which serve fundamental cellular functions. The formation of heteromorphic (see Glossary, Box 1) sex chromosomes during the evolution of mammals has created a dosage imbalance for sex-linked genes between sexes. It was first offered to Henry Winkler of “Happy Days” fame in which he played “the Fonz”. Travolta wasn’t the first choice for the lead role. The movie stars John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John. “Grease” is a very successful stage musical with a blockbuster film version released in 1978. 61 “Tell me about it, _”: “Grease” line : STUD Since the 1980s, the term “hacker” is more commonly used for an expert in subverting computer security. So, the original use of the term “hacking” was very positive. 55 Hacker’s goal : ACCESSĪ computer hacker is a computer expert, and in particular one who uses that expertise to solve problems with hardware and software. He introduced the technique in the west after observing similar practices in the Soviet Union during a visit there in 1951. The Lamaze technique for childbirth was developed by a French obstetrician called Fernand Lamaze. Many prospectors were finding gold lying in beach sand and were making their fortunes without even having to make a claim. The Nome Gold Rush of 1899-1909 was remarkable in the ease that the precious metal could be gathered. The extended adjective “umpteen” began to appear during WWI as army slang. In the early 1900’s, the same term came to mean “of an indefinite number”, and was associated with the numerals divisible by ten, i.e. The word “umpty” was introduced as slang for a Morse code dash. They have a high tolerance for air pollution, compacted soil, and other stresses commonly found in urban areas, which allows them to thrive in these environments where other tree species might struggle. 44 Majestic tree : ELMĮlm trees have a unique ability to tolerate urban environments, making them a popular choice for city planners looking to add greenery to their landscapes. They can also be very large lizards, sometimes growing to a length of six feet. There are times when pet iguanas need heat from an IR lamp to maintain body temperature. Fascinating stuff …Īn iguana is a lizard, and as such is cold-blooded. It isn’t suction that supports them, but rather van der Waals forces (weak “gravitational” attractions). The toes have millions of hairs called setae that enable the clinging. Their feet are specially adapted with “toes” that make extremely intimate, close contact to a surface. More interesting to me than a gecko’s chirping is its ability to cling to walls and other vertical surfaces. In making such a sound, geckos are unique in the world of lizards. The word “gecko” comes from an Indonesian/Javanese word “tokek”, which is imitative of the reptile’s chirping sound. to 12 p.m., and so “noon” became understood as 12 noon. Over the centuries, traditions such as church prayers and “midday” meals shifted from 3 p.m. Back in ancient Rome, the “ninth hour” was three in the afternoon. Our word “noon”, meaning “midday”, comes from the Latin “nona hora” that translates as “ninth hour”. 40 Cliff dwelling : AERIEĪn aerie (sometimes “eyrie”) is an eagle’s nest, and a young eagle is an eaglet.The term “aerie” can also more generally describe any bird’s nest that is located on a cliff or a mountaintop. One ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and the other pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The atria squeeze those blood supplies into the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles), “priming” the pump, as it were. The two upper chambers (the atria) accept deoxygenated blood from the body and oxygenated blood from the lungs. Lego produces some wonderful specialized sets with which you can build models of celebrated structures, including: The term “skiff” comes from “scif”, the Old High German word for “boat” and a term that also gave us our word “ship”. The name can be used generically and applied to several unrelated styles of vessel, as long as they are relatively small. 23 Small fishing boat : SKIFFĪ skiff is a small boat. They were modeled on the dung beetle, as it was viewed as a symbol of the cycle of life. The team behind the IMAX technology set out to simplify things, and developed a single-camera, single-projector system. Back then large format screenings were accomplished using multiple projectors with multiple screens, with images basically stitched together. The impetus for developing the system came after Expo ’67 in Montreal. The IMAX Corporation, which is behind the IMAX film format, is a Canadian company. “Sauvis” also gave us the English word “sweet” meaning “pleasing to the taste”. “Sauvis” is the root of the English word “suave” that describes someone who is gracious and sophisticated, and perhaps somewhat superficial. The Latin word “suavis” translates as “agreeable, pleasant to the senses”. I haven’t heard the word “till” used much here in that sense … 15 Smooth-talking : SUAVE What we usually call a cash register here in North America, we mostly call a “till” in Ireland and the UK. The so-called sixth sense is extrasensory perception (ESP). Today’s Wiki-est Amazonian Googlies Across
Depending on variable options Thunderbirds for 1961 could be purchased with options like air conditioning, power windows, power seats, AM radio, fender skirts and white wall tires. Common on almost all automobiles produced today, this feature was first found on 1961 Thunderbirds. Other innovations include a floating rear view mirror, directly attached to the interior of the windshield. This would also prevent the gear selector to be functional until the steering wheel was returned to the center position. With the steering column installed transmission gear selector in the park position the steering wheel would slide approximately 18 inches (460 mm) to the right allowing the driver to exit the vehicle easily. The most distinctive feature of the 1961 to 1963 Thunderbirds was the highly touted 'Swing Away' steering wheel. The Thunderbird for 1961 introduced several firsts for the automotive market. It shared some styling cues with the much smaller European Ford Corsair.ġ961 Ford Thunderbird interior with "Swing-Away" steering wheel Kennedy's inaugural parade, probably aided by the appointment of Ford executive Robert McNamara as Secretary of Defense. The Thunderbird was 1961's Indianapolis 500 pace car, and featured prominently in US President John F. A new, larger 390 cu in (6.4 L) FE-series V8 was the only engine available (in 1961). Sales were strong, if not quite up to record-breaking 1960, at 73,051 including 10,516 convertibles. It featured new and much sleeker styling (done by Bill Boyer) than the second generation models. Located at 38303 Michigan Ave.The third generation of the Ford Thunderbird is a personal luxury car produced by Ford for the 1961 to 1963 model years. & heavy trucks & bus chassisįord 3.5/3.7 Cyclone V6 (for FWD vehicles) Military production (including wings for B-46 bombers) only from 1951 to 1956, when it converted to civilian production. Replaced the original location at 1025 Winchester Ave. Partnership with Jiangling Investment Co., Ltd. Xiaolan Economic Development Zone, Nanchang, Jiangxi Joint venture 75% owned by Ford and 25% owned by Song Cong Diesel Company.įormerly Getrag Americas, a joint venture between Getrag and the Getrag Ford Transmission joint venture. Transit Connect started shipping to the US in fall of 2009. Previously: Ford Kent Crossflow I4 engine Joint venture 70% owned by Ford and 30% owned by Lio Ho Group.įord Motor Company of Southern Africa Silverton Assembly Plantįord Motor Company of Southern Africa Struandale Engine Plant Opened as a Mazda plant known as AutoAlliance International from 1992 to 2012. Previously:īuilt at site of closed Ford Michigan Casting Center (1972-1981). Idled in November 2007, reopened February 2010. Replaced the nearby Dearborn Assembly Plant. Truck assembly began in 1970 while car production began in 1980.Īxles, suspension parts. Plant owned by Coscharis Motors Assembly Ltd. Bought back by Ford in 2011 and now 100% owned by Ford. Previously known as Tekfor Cologne GmbH from 2003 to 2011, a 50/50 joint venture between Ford and Neumayer Tekfor GmbH. Originally known as Cologne Forge & Die Cast Plant. Returned to 100% Ford ownership in 2021.įorging of steel parts for engines, transmissions, and chassis Tooling, dies, fixtures, jigs, die repairįormerly part of the Getrag Ford Transmission joint venture. Located at 1000 E Lincoln Hwy, Chicago Heights, ILįord 3.5/3.7 Cyclone V6 (for RWD vehicles) Replaced the previous location at 3915 Wabash Avenue.ġ2429 S Burley Ave in Chicago, about a mile away from the Chicago Assembly Plant. Plant formerly belonged to Harbin Hafei Automobile Group Co. Joint Venture: Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd. Joint venture 50% owned by Ford and 50% owned by Mazda. Knock-down kits were also shipped internationally until the River Rouge approach was duplicated in Europe and Asia.įor a listing of Ford's proving grounds and test facilities see Ford Proving Grounds.Ĭurrent production facilities VIN A few of the original Branch Assembly locations still remain while most have been repurposed or have been demolished and the land reused. Much of the production was devoted to compiling " knock-down kits" that were then shipped in wooden crates to Branch Assembly locations across the United States by railroad and assembled locally, using local supplies as necessary. The River Rouge Complex manufactured most of the components of Ford vehicles, starting with the Model T. Per regulations, the factory is encoded into each vehicle's VIN as character 11 for North American models, and character 8 for European models. The following is a list of current, former, and confirmed future facilities of Ford Motor Company for manufacturing automobiles and other components. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. |
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